Every Massachusetts LLC should have an Operating Agreement, but getting one doesn’t have to be expensive. You can download and customize your own Operating Agreement using our free template below.
Massachusetts LLC Operating Agreement (Member-managed)
Massachusetts LLC Operating Agreement (Manager-managed)
What is a Massachusetts LLC Operating Agreement?
A Massachusetts LLC Operating Agreement is a written contract between the LLC Members (LLC owners). This legal document includes detailed information about LLC ownership structure, who owns the company and how the LLC is managed.
Single-Member LLCs and Multi-Member LLCs should draft an Operating Agreement, keep it with their business records, and give a copy to all Members.
What should be included in LLC Operating Agreements?
Basic Information
Your Operating Agreement will include basic information about your Limited Liability Company. Some of the information will be the same as what is listed in your Massachusetts LLC Certificate of Organization. Operating Agreements should include:
- LLC Name
- LLC effective date
- Massachusetts Registered Agent (if applicable)
- purpose of your LLC
- duration of your LLC
- and how your LLC will be taxed
LLC Ownership
Your Operating Agreement will list all the LLC Members and how much of the Limited Liability Company they each own.
How much of the LLC someone owns is called their “LLC Membership Interest”.
LLC Membership Interest is most often expressed as a percentage (like 5%, 50%, 100%, etc.).
Initial Capital Contributions (putting money into your LLC)
After your LLC is approved, you should open an LLC bank account and put money into that account.
Each of the LLC Members makes an initial capital contribution. Capital contribution simply means a deposit of money into the LLC bank account.
You will list the initial capital contributions in your LLC’s Operating Agreement.
Pro tip: If you complete your Operating Agreement before you have opened an LLC bank account, just enter the amount the Members plan to deposit. If the amount of your deposit changes, it’s okay to edit your Operating Agreement with the actual amounts later.
- Related article: To learn more about capital contributions, like how much you should contribute, check out LLC Capital Contributions.
Statement about taxes
You will list how your LLC will be taxed in your Operating Agreement. There are four common ways an LLC can be taxed:
- LLC taxed as a Sole Proprietorship
- LLC taxed as a Partnership
- LLC taxed as an S-Corporation
- LLC taxed as a C-Corporation
Voting Rights of LLC Members
The rules of membership voting will be spelled out in your Massachusetts LLC’s Operating Agreement.
If you use the Member-managed Operating Agreement, the voting powers are proportionate to the LLC Membership Interest.
If you use the Manager-managed Operating Agreement, the voting powers are also proportionate to the LLC Membership Interest. Then the Members vote to elect a Manager or Managers. The Manager(s) then has authority to make certain decisions on behalf of the LLC (without needing a vote by the Members).
However, certain things, like adding or removing an LLC Member, require a vote of the Members (and the Manager has no say).
Make sure all LLC Members have a copy
Once you finalize your Operating Agreement, make sure all the Members have a copy.
We recommend keeping a copy of the Operating Agreement with your LLC business records.
Operating Agreement FAQs
As per the Massachusetts LLC Act, an Operating Agreement isn’t required for an LLC in Massachusetts.
But while it’s not required in Massachusetts to conduct business, we strongly recommend having an Operating Agreement for your LLC.
Additionally, financial institutions (like banks) and other organizations may need to see a copy of this paperwork in order for you to do business with them.
It’s best to have an Operating Agreement, even if you are the only Member of your Massachusetts LLC (a Single-Member LLC).
If you go to court, an Operating Agreement helps prove that your Single-Member LLC is being run as a separate legal entity. And that protects your personal assets.
It’s best to have an Operating Agreement, especially for a Multi-Member LLC. This document will spell out ownership percentages, profit distribution, and management responsibilities.
If you go to court, an Operating Agreement helps prove that your Multi-member LLC is being run as a separate legal entity.
No, you don’t have to send your Operating Agreement to the Massachusetts Secretary of State, or any other government agency.
Operating Agreements are “internal documents”. Meaning, the Members just need to keep a copy with their business records.
The Operating Agreement is a legally binding document upon the LLC Members because of the Members’ signatures. It doesn’t need a government stamp of approval.
However, in the future, if your company were involved in a lawsuit or an audit, a court or government agency might ask to see a copy of your Operating Agreement.
Additionally, you may also need to show this document to:
- financial institutions when you open a business bank account
- financial institutions if you apply for a loan for the LLC
- a title company if your LLC is buying real estate
No, your Operating Agreement doesn’t need to be notarized. Each Member just needs to sign it.
Once you (and the other LLC Members, if applicable) sign the Operating Agreement, then it becomes a legal document.
Yes, but we recommend using an Operating Agreement template.
An Operating Agreement is a legal document. You don’t have to hire a lawyer to write one, though. Using a template helps make sure you cover everything you need to.
LLC University® offers free Operating Agreement templates that you can download and customize to write your own LLC Operating Agreement.
If you wanted to write a simple Massachusetts Operating Agreement without using a template, you could. You’d need to check with the Massachusetts LLC Act to make sure it meets all the requirements.
For example, at a minimum, you’d want your Massachusetts LLC name, your Registered Agent information, your business purpose, the names of the LLC Members, and information about initial capital contributions.
However, there is a lot more information that is important to document about your LLC.
It’s probably a lot easier to start with an existing template. We have a free Operating Agreement template you can download on this page.
An LLC (Limited Liability Company) is a type of business structure. It’s a legal business entity that you form by filing a document called the Certificate of Organization with the state.
An Operating Agreement is an internal document that governs how your LLC is run. It contains rules about how much of the company each Member of the LLC owns, and other details about management and taxes.
Said another way, the LLC is your legal entity. And the Operating Agreement is a written set of rules for how the LLC will operate.
You could have an LLC without an Operating Agreement (but you shouldn’t). But you can’t have an Operating Agreement without an LLC.
Here are the steps to starting an LLC in Massachusetts:
- Choose an LLC name and make sure it’s available
- Choose who will be your Massachusetts Registered Agent
- File the Massachusetts LLC Certificate of Organization
- Complete and sign an LLC Operating Agreement
- Get a Tax ID Number (EIN) from the IRS
- Research business license requirements
- Open an LLC bank account
Next Step: EIN Number for an LLC
Once you have created your LLC Operating Agreement, you can proceed to the next lesson: Massachusetts LLC EIN Number.
References
IRS: Paying Yourself
Massachusetts LLC Act: Section 2
Massachusetts Secretary of State: LLC Information
Massachusetts LLC Laws and Regulations
Matt holds a Bachelor's Degree in business from Drexel University with a concentration in business law. He performs extensive research and analysis to convert state laws into simple instructions anyone can follow to form their LLC - all for free! Read more about Matt Horwitz and LLC University.
MASSACHUSETTS LLC GUIDE
Follow the lessons below to form your Massachusetts LLC.
Does Massachusetts require a notarized copy of the agreement? Thank you.
Hi Terry, no, you’re not required to have your Operating Agreement notarized. Hope that helps.
Do all members have to sign the Operating Agreement?
Hi Priscilla, yes, all LLC Members need to sign the Operating Agreement.
What should I put for “duration” in the Operating Agreement?
Hi Mike, most filers use “perpetual” for the duration of their LLC. It simply means the LLC is open indefinitely until you choose to shut it down (via filing a Dissolution). An alternative (which is rarely used) is to have the LLC dissolve on a certain date in the future. Hope that helps.
Hi Matt, where do I file or send the completed form?
Hi Lisa, the LLC Operating Agreement is an “internal” document. You just keep it with your business records. It doesn’t get sent to the state or to the IRS.
Hi Matt, where do you mention you are a passive investor?
Hi Prashanth, you can hire an attorney to custom draft an LLC Operating Agreement or you can consider having the LLC be a Manager-Managed LLC where you are just an owner (Member), but you don’t run the business and day-to-day operations (a Manager). Here’s a Manager-managed LLC Operating Agreement you can download. It’s in Microsoft Word format.
I STARTED MY LLC ITS FILED AND APPROVED, BUT HOW DO I OBTAIN MY CERTIFICATE OF ORGINZATION IN MASSACHUSETTS , I NEED IT IN ORDER TO START. A BUSINESS BANK ACCOUNT
Hi Frankie, you’ll need to visit the state’s website to download your LLC’s approved Certificate of Organization. Please see this page: Massachusetts LLC Certificate of Organization and look for the “approval” paragraph for instructions. Hope that helps.