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Why You Shouldn’t
Form an LLC in Wyoming
Quick Start Guide
This Quick Start Guide is a brief overview of how to form an LLC in Wyoming.
Detailed Lessons:
1. Name Search
2. Registered Agent
3. Filing Forms
4. Operating Agreement
5. Tax ID Number (EIN)
6. Annual Report
7. Licenses and Permits
8. Taxes
Wyoming LLC Costs:
Wyoming state fee: $100
Annual Report: $50 (if LLC has $250k+ in assets located in WY, then it’s higher)
Need to save time?
Hire a professional to form your LLC in Wyoming:
Northwest ($39 + state fee) or LegalZoom ($149 + state fee)
(check out Northwest vs LegalZoom)
Although you may have read differently, most people should not be forming an LLC in Wyoming.
In order to best explain the reasons, let’s look at an example:
• Steven is a resident of California
• He runs an online business from his home in California
• He reads online “Wyoming is the best state to form an LLC”
• He forms an LLC in Wyoming
Let’s discuss the issues that will arise in this situation.
Domestic LLC vs. Foreign LLC
If you form an LLC in your home state, this is called a “Domestic LLC”. Meaning, the LLC is domestic to that jurisdiction.
If you want this Domestic LLC to do business in another state (a different jurisdiction), you must register that LLC in the new state. Once registered, that LLC it is known as a “Foreign LLC”.
It’s technically just one LLC. The LLC originally has authority to do business in its home state, since that’s where it was formed. And then it must file as a Foreign LLC in every state it wishes to do business.
So in our example, Steven has only formed a Domestic LLC in Wyoming.
(for more info, please see: domestic LLC vs foreign LLC)
Wyoming LLC Illegally Doing Business
Since Steven is running his business from his home in California, his Wyoming LLC is illegally doing business in California.
In order to avoid fines and penalties, he must register his Wyoming LLC as a Foreign LLC in California.
Foreign LLC Registration
In order to remedy the fact that Steven’s Wyoming LLC is illegally transacting business in California, he’ll need to register his Wyoming LLC as a Foreign LLC in California.
This means he now:
- has 2 LLC filings to maintain (a Domestic Wyoming LLC and a Foreign California LLC)
- has 2 state filing fees
- has to meet annual requirements and fees in both states
- may have increased Registered Agent fees
So in hopes of obtaining certain Wyoming LLC benefits, Steven has instead complicated the situation, increased his fees, and will most likely get no benefits from a Wyoming LLC.
Doing Business
Even if Steven has no employees in California, no office in California, and no clients in California, he is still running the business from his home in California.
Furthermore, California not only has strict corporate laws around doing business in the state, but they also have strict taxation laws. This means that in addition to the LLC costs in Wyoming and California, Steven may receive fines and penalties from both the California Secretary of State and the California Franchise Tax Board. He’ll also end up paying California LLC annual fees and taxes anyway (which may have been the reason he considered a Wyoming LLC in the first place).
The court has discretion about the jurisdiction
If Steven was looking to obtain certain legal benefits by having a Wyoming LLC, those benefits may not apply in a court of law.
If Steven’s Wyoming LLC is involved in a lawsuit, the courts have discretion on which state laws apply. Since Steven is doing business in California, it’s possible that the courts may decide that Wyoming law doesn’t apply and that California law applies instead.
So the legal benefits of the Wyoming LLC are now useless.
The headache
And although the money may not be a huge deal for some people, the headache can be quite overwhelming for others.
We hear all kinds of horror and frustration stories about LLCs being set up in the wrong state.
We recently heard from a real estate developer, who after acquiring land and building a subdivision, realized they shouldn’t have formed their LLC in Wyoming, wanted to move the LLC to their home state and then were pretty much “frozen” in a state of inaction when they realized how complex a conversion/redomestication filing was (moving the LLC from Wyoming to California).
Not to mention, the need to close a bank account, open a new one, draft internal agreements, re-register their new LLC with vendors and suppliers, update the IRS, and more. The time and opportunity cost were well into the tens of thousands of dollars.
Wyoming has no corporate taxes
A lot of people get really excited when they hear that “Wyoming has no corporate income tax!”
Unless your LLC is taxed as a C-Corp, this won’t even apply. And this is the case for 99% of our readers.
Said another way, most LLCs don’t pay corporate taxes since LLCs are pass-through entities.
Meaning, in their default tax classification, LLCs don’t pay any corporate income taxes. The profits from the LLC “flow through” to the owner’s personal income tax return and are paid on the individual level (not at the corporate level).
So that fact that Wyoming doesn’t have state corporate income tax doesn’t matter.
Furthermore, you pay state income taxes where the money is made. Not where the LLC is formed.
Taxes are paid where the money is made
Even if there are applicable tax advantages in Wyoming, this won’t apply if you’re doing business in your home state.
State income taxes are paid where the money is made. So in Steven’s case, he would get no tax advantages whatsoever by having an LLC in Wyoming and instead, he’d be paying all his state income taxes in California.
What’s worse, is that the Wyoming Department of Revenue may require an informational return to be filed. This means additional costs for Steven’s accountant to file a “zeroed-out” return in Wyoming and apportion the LLC’s earnings to California.
“My business is online with no physical presence”
Frankly, the state governments don’t care if your business is online or not.
The fact that you run your business from your home means you’re doing business in that state. Even if you work from a coffee shop, you’re still doing business in that state.
And that state wants to collect their tax revenue and enforce their LLC filing requirements for businesses illegally operating in the state.
Takeaway
Save yourself the money and the headache.
Just form your LLC in your home state or the state where you’re actually doing business.
References
http://wyoleg.gov/statutes/compress/title17.pdf
http://www.wyomingbusiness.org/content/licensing-and-permitting
https://soswy.state.wy.us/Business/ForeignCertificateofAuthority.aspx
17-19-1501. Authority to transact business required
17-19-1502. Consequences of transacting business without authority
17-19-1503. Application for certificate of authority
17-19-1530. Grounds for revocation
17-19-1531. Procedure and effect of revocation
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Hello,
My home is in California and was looking to form my LLC in Wyoming like “Steven”. The difference is I planned on having a virtual office in Wyoming not only for the above example but also I will be traveling full time. Will I still need to file in California as well?
Best regards
Bell
Hi Bell, it’s a bit of a gray zone, however, will you remain a CA resident and file state taxes? If so, California is very strict regarding what it means to be legally doing business (see what is doing business in California). More specifically, their corporate laws and tax laws have dedicated sections regarding doing business. So if you form an LLC in Wyoming, but are working from California, the state will deem that as illegally transaction business (and you’d need to register your Wyoming LLC as a Foreign LLC in California). Hope that helps.
Hello ,
My name is Rohan and I am physically located in India and want to form a LLC in Wyoming.
Is it possible to do the same please let me know about the same.
Hi Rohan, yes, it’s possible to form an LLC in Wyoming. You can file it yourself online (see how to form an LLC in Wyoming; follow the lessons in order) or you can hire a filing company (we have recommendations on that page). Unless you know someone in the state who can be your LLC’s Registered Agent, you’ll want to hire a Commercial Registered Agent in Wyoming. After your LLC is approved, how you get an EIN from the IRS and open a bank account are slightly different. But we have instructions on those here: applying for LLC EIN without SSN and non-US resident LLC bank account. Hope that helps!
I currently own investment property in Alaska and Arizona. I have been looking into many different options as to what state our business will form a LLC. Currently, our Plan A is to create a Wyoming LLC that will own other LLCs in each state we own property. Wyoming LLC would be the parent LLC while in Alaska and Arizona each have separate LLCs for each property. My understanding is we would not have to form a foreign LLC for the Wyoming LLC in Alaska or Arizona because it simply owns the property. The individual state LLCs create the revenue and do the business. Is this idea flawed? Recommendations
Hi Blair, that is a common and strong setup for investors with property in multiple states. Wyoming LLC owns the state LLCs and the state LLC owns property in the state where they are formed. Hope that helps.
Hi Matt,
I live in NY and plan to create a SMLLC in Wyoming for e-commerce/online business purposes.
I know that as a pass through entity I’ll report all of the profit and losses on my personal tax returns. I’m not trying to get around my state’s tax obligations.
I’m more concerned about the charging order protection (and anonymity) that Wyoming provides even for SMLLC.
1- As an online business, would I still need to register as a foreign LLC in NY?
2- In that case, would a detailed Operating Agreement give me a solid Charging Order Protection even in NY? Or creating a multi-owner LLC would?
Thank you for your answers.
Best regards,
D.
Hey D, you’re correct. Even if you formed an LLC in Wyoming, you would have to apportion your income to New York and file a state income tax return in New York (and other returns, if applicable). Overall, it’s best practice to discuss your asset protection strategies with an attorney. You can look into forming a Wyoming LLC that owns a New York LLC. This is usually a stronger setup than a Wyoming LLC with a foreign LLC registration in New York. Hope that helps.
I see, thanks Matt.
Do you know if a charging order protection is the exclusive remedy for a multi-member LLC in NY? That could be the solution?
Hey Dejon, we haven’t covered the specific details of charging order protection. It’s far more complex and detailed that you’d think (other sites/videos may lead you to think otherwise). Meaning, if and you’re in court, decisions are rarely made based on one piece of statute. There are multitude of factors and things are looked at holistically. It’s best practice to speak to a few attorneys. It’s also a good idea to speak to a few attorneys who aren’t “promoters” of specific entity structures… this way, you can look at if from multiple perspectives. Having said that, Section 607 of the New York LLC Law deals with the rights of creditors of LLC Members. Other sections are also applicable as well, including, but not limited to Section 601, Section 603, and Section 604. Hope that helps.
Hi Matt,
I am hoping you can answer my questions.
You made a comment about “running a business.” What determines where you are running a business? Here is an example question. If I hire someone to create an online platform based on my ideas and requirements, is this considered running a business from my home state?
I am providing an online platform where businesses can search for professionals who are independent contractors. Am I required to register this online platform business in my own state or can I take the advantage of tax breaks offered when registering in Wyoming?
I am taking a percent of the independent contractor’s pay to cover the cost of maintaining the online platform. Who is responsible for the sales and or service taxes?
Thank you,
Mary
Hi Mary, the more accurate term is “legally transacting business” (in most states). Each state has different laws for what it means to be transacting business. And unfortunately, state governments and tax collecting bodies of the state (like the Department of Revenue) don’t care if your business in “online” or offline. Generally speaking, you do things for your online business from a certain location. For many, that is usually the state where they reside. Furthermore, your state personal income taxes are paid in the state where you reside, not in the state where you form your LLC. So for most people, the income will be reported (and taxes paid, if applicable) in the state where you reside and are doing business. You’ll need to speak with an accountant (or a few) to determine if you need to pay sales tax on services. Hope that helps!
so based on article I should just form llc in MO if that is where i do business?? I do. I have 9 rentals there. I live in NV. I read the WY offers better asset protection if I have the WY llc own the MO llc?? But as your article states MO law could apply if accident /lawsuit happens there? because properties are there. Any benefit from forming WY llc for asses protection then? What happens if I get in auto accident in NV or CA or somewhere outside of MO and found liable for accident?
Thanks
Hi Chad, I wish there was a black and white answer to all this. It really depends and it all varies.
You could certainly form a WY LLC and have that be the owner of all your MO LLCs. Yes, courts have choice of which law to apply. I still think there could be a benefit though, but there’s lots of details to all this. We recommend having a conversation with an asset protection attorney in Missouri (or a few). If you talk to asset protection attorneys in WY, they could be biased.
If you get into an auto accident, you’re personally responsible. Auto insurance kicks in first. You could get umbrella insurance (kicks in after auto/home insurance). But regarding charging order protection, would your LLC interest be better held in Wyoming? Possibly. Again, we can’t say for sure.
Hope that helps. Apologies we can’t be more specific. Unfortunately most asset protection attorneys online are specific because they have a specific solution to sell you… and don’t always inform their readers of all the pros and cons, or of all the details. I think if you spoke with a few attorneys in MO and NV, you might get a more well-rounded picture. Feel free to share any findings. We’re curious what you end up doing.
Hello Matt,
I have been researching where to start my LLC and was told WY is ideal by other people in the same business because of the better protection and anonymity it provides. My office will be in TX where I currently reside. So based on what you are saying I would need to register my LLC here in TX as a “foreign LLC” since this is where I am “legally transacting business”. So I have a few questions about my options.
Would my LLC profits be taxed by both states?
It seems that the protections WY offers won’t really apply if the there is a lawsuit and courts decide to use TX law where the foreign LLC is registered. IS that accurate, if so how to the courts decide to choose which laws apply in situations like this?
I plan to own properties all over the country and I was hoping to get the WY protection and anonymity for them all that the LLC owns, it seems this plan is flawed based on what your article says, can you clarify if there is a way to get the protection and anonymity from WY if I don’t live there?
Thanks.
Hi Stephen, yes, you are correct. If you form a Wyoming LLC but your Wyoming LLC is transacting business in Texas, you need to register your Wyoming LLC as a foreign LLC in Texas and register the Wyoming LLC with the Texas Comptroller too. Keep in mind as well, at this time, a Texas foreign LLC qualification is $750. In this scenario, your accountant will likely file a tax return in each state, but apportion the income to Texas. The are numerous factors that courts use to determine jurisdiction and where a case is held. If you plan to own properties in multiple states, then an LLC should be formed in that state or an LLC should be registered as a foreign LLC to do business in that state. However… it sounds like you’re thinking of forming a Wyoming LLC parent company and then forming additional domestic LLCs in the states where they are transacting business… and those domestic LLCs are owned by your Wyoming LLC; that can be done. You would form the parent LLC in Wyoming first and then form the other LLCs. The Member (owner) of those LLCs would be your Wyoming LLC. It’s not automatically going to give you anonymity (you’d need to examine all foreign LLC forms and each state’s annual requirements to look for which addresses need to be used and how the parent company, if necessary, needs to sign… and then devise your strategy based on that… it comes down to the details… the line by line items/information/signatures on all required forms to have “absolute” privacy… or as much privacy as possible. Hope that helps!
Hi I and my partner are thinking of opening either a LLC or C Copr in Wyoming. It will be an internet software business and we plan to start looking for our first clients in Europe. One of us is in Spain the other one lives in California. Once we build up our client list in Europe we plan to focus on US market and look for US funding. Do you see any complications into this structure? Or could you recommend a better alternative?
Hi Jo, you may run into issues with needing to foreign qualify your LLC in California. California has strict laws (both corporate law and the revenue and taxation law) regarding “transacting business” in the state. If you are running the business from California, your Wyoming LLC is likely illegally transacting business in California. Even more broadly, California usually deems an LLC doing business in California if an active Member of the out-of-state LLC is a California resident. For more info, please see is my LLC doing business in California. You may want consider just forming a California LLC. Hope that helps.
Would we be better off making a c corp then in Wyoming ?
Hello,
I live in California but will be purchasing properties in PA. I was going to set up a Wyoming LLC to own the LLC’s in PA. The PA LLCs will own the property. Do you think that is my best option?
Hi Elle, it is a popular setup to form a Wyoming LLC “parent” company to own “child” LLCs in the states where the properties are located since that is where the child LLCs will be transacting business. Please see my reply above to Jo. You may need to foreign qualify your Wyoming LLC in California. Hope that helps.
Hi Matt, great read. Two part question for you. My partner and I plan to form an llc for a Recruiting agency. I’m a digital nomad, traveling every where often for years and rarely in the US, though my home address is still in Virginia. My partner lives in Florida, so it makes sense to form an llc there. Would we also have to file anything within VA, or any place I would operate even if I’m someone temporarily.
Also, if we decide to work with clients in particular states, setting up hires for them, and get to a point when we particularly hire staff from different states or overseas. How would that work? Thanks – Triston
Hi, I live in NY state and have a CDL license in this state. I want to form my LLC in WY and start my own trucking company. How can I do this and register my trucks under the LLC? Is it at all possible without using a WY address to transfer my license and become a resident? As per DOT rules you must be licensed in the state you reside. Is it possible to register the trucks under the LLC and not become a resident of WY thus maintaining my NY state CDL license?